This relationship governs the motion of the planets in their orbits, guides spacecraft to their destinations, and even keeps our feet firmly on the ground. It is well-known today that the force of gravity an object feels depends on a relatively simple relationship: F= GmM/r 2, where F is the force of gravity, M is the mass of one object, m is the mass of a second object, r is the distance between them, and G=6.672 x 10 -11Nm 2/kg 2 is a constant called Newton's Universal Gravitational Constant. See "Newton's law of Gravitation and the Swift Satellite" below. This gives Swift its circular path around the Earth. Bike Bicyclists climbing a hill – or speeding down one – are certainly aware of gravity! Swift orbiting Earth The effect of Swift's horizontal velocity (from its launch rocket) exactly cancels the downward velocity gained from the acceleration due to Earth's gravity. The gravity due to the girl's mass applies the same force on the Earth as the Earth's gravity does on the girl, but because the Earth has so much more mass it does not accelerate very much at all, while the girl accelerates rapidly. Girl falling While falling, a girl feels a brief period of "free fall" while she is in the air because the Earth's gravity is not balanced by any upwards force. An apple didn't really fall on his head, but he did realize that the force causing an apple to fall is the same as the force causing the Moon to orbit the Earth – the Earth's gravity. Newton Isaac Newton was the person who realized that all massive objects in the Universe apply the force of gravity to all other massive objects. Some people call this "weightlessness", but that's not really true. But without the balancing upward force from the ground, she falls freely. Astronaut Gravity goes on forever an astronaut in orbit is accelerated by Earth's gravity. The inner planets are closer to the Sun and feel more gravity, so as a result they move faster. National Science Education Standards and Mathematics Standards for the set of four Newton's Law wallsheets can be found at: Description of the Front of the Poster Solar system All the planets in the solar system orbit the Sun due to its gravity. This poster and other Swift educational materials can be found at: The Swift Education and Public Outreach website: Laura Whitlock and Kara Granger for the Swift E/PO program. This poster set represents an extensive revision of the materials created in 2000 by Dr. Kevin McLin, the NASA Astrophysics division Educator Ambassador (EA) team, and the WestEd educator review panel. We gratefully acknowledge the advice and assistance of Dr. Aurore Simonnet: Scientific Illustrator.Tim Graves: Information Technology Consultant.The NASA E/PO Group at Sonoma State University: The activity is designed and laid out so that you can easily make copies of the student worksheet and the other handouts. The activity is complete and ready to use in your classroom the only extra materials you need are listed on p. The activity below provides a simple illustration of Newton's Law of Gravitation. This poster and activity are part of a set of four educational wallsheets which are aimed at grades 6-9, and which can be displayed as a set or separately in the classroom. The front of the poster illustrates Newton's Law of Gravitation, and descriptions of the drawings can be found on the next page. The NASA E/PO Group at Sonoma State University develops classroom activities inspired by the science and technology of the Swift mission, which are aligned with the national Standards. Education and public outreach (E/PO) is also one of the goals of the mission. Launched in November, 2004, Swift is detecting and observing hundreds of these explosions, vastly increasing scientists' knowledge of these enigmatic events. The Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Explorer is a NASA mission that is observing the highest energy explosions in the Universe–gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The force of gravity on different planets is different, depending on their mass and radius.Objects near the surface of the Earth fall at the same rate independent of their masses.Newton's Law of Gravitation states that two objects with masses m 1 and m 2, with a distance r between their centers, attract each other with a force F given by: F = Gm 1m 2/r 2, where G is the Universal Gravitational Constant (equal to: 6.672x10 -11Nm 2/kg 2).see that the force they feel from gravity depends on the radius and the mass of the planet.determine what they would weigh on other planets.see that the acceleration of an object due to gravity is independent of its mass.How does the mass of a falling body affect the rate at which it falls in a gravitational field?.How do the acceleration and force due to gravity depend on the radius and mass of a planet?.
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